I recall the Three River fail due to limited traffic west of Pittsburgh.
I think even I've given up on the Akron branch. I'm sure any new CHI-PHL train would probably go via TOL and CLE. That should improve traffic on that end. All Aboard Ohio suggested going via Michigan.
http://allaboardohio.org/2015/09/22/new-report-restore-passenger-rail/
They actually predicted 360,000 passengers a year which I would say is very ambitious. If you look at the document, they shifted the LSL to get into CHI close to 1pm to accommodate CLE-CIN which would mean they probably not guarantee western connections so that 360,000 probably includes a lot of NYP-CHI passengers.
St. Louis option.
So Capital Limited dropping cars at Pittsburgh to be add to the Pennsylvanian is too tight, and you fear that the Pennsylvanian will suffer greatly.
So first question is how often does the Capital Limited miss that connection?
Ok now that we know the number of mis-connections are too high. Lets try the St. Louis option. Place a engine to protect the Capital Limited and the Pennsylvanian at Pittsburgh. When the Capital Limited is running late, and will miss the swap time. (Drop Dead Time). Now with the protect engine and a well staffed crew base, staff and run a extra train.
Problem solved.
Now we need to free up some equipment. Figure out the Bilevel to single level issues. Get a switch installed. Buy a new engine for Pittsburgh.
A little crowed sourcing, the Viewliner 2, the Midwest bilevels, and a add on to the engine order.
We have a train for you. Nothing to hard. Why so many pages to a simple issue?
Well Amtrak has been talking about the Viewliner 2's since the PRIIA. I think I've heard more like 2017. I do like your ideas though.
I know they didn't do it for long but after they canceled the BL they did do CL-TR for a while before extending the TR to Chicago (I believe I was on that train and they did the connection in PGH).
1996 Timetables.org:
http://www.timetables.org/full.php?group=19960414n&item=0015
It looks like there were no sleepers on the TR back then and they just attached coaches to the CL. Could that be a temporary solution until the Viewliner 2's come and all of these problems get fixed? Any eastern PA passenger who wants a sleeper could just book a coach to PGH and then a sleeper from PGH to CHI but would not be required to change trains.
By summer 1997 (when I took my first Amtrak trip to California), the TR was running to CHI overnight but with only coaches and the dinette. Maybe the connection was too much a hassle.
1997 Timetables.org:
http://www.timetables.org/full.php?group=19970511n&item=0026
The first timetables.org timetable I could find with sleeper service (Heritage) on the TR was 1999. No dining car though and meals were not included in sleeper car service. Just a lounge car for food. Then again, that's the Silver Star now.
http://www.timetables.org/full.php?group=19991031n&item=0028
They went to Viewliners in 2001 and included meal service but there was no mention of a diner car.
http://www.timetables.org/full.php?group=20011028n&item=0028
I actually couldn't find any instance of the TR ever having a dining car.
I'd love to pick Amtrak's brain way back in the 90's. Maybe back in 1996 they had every intention of TR to CHI but they couldn't do it immediately. So they first did the CL-TR, then they ran TR to CHI without sleepers, then installed the Heritage sleeper cars, and finally Viewliners. It took approximately 3 years to have sleeper service from CHI to PHL along the TR. But for those three years you could go direct from Eastern PA to CHI, you just couldn't have a sleeper and there was no dining car.
While many of you would find that unacceptable, I have never bought a sleeper car and have sparingly used the diner car. So if Amtrak decides today to run an overnight sleeper less car from PHL to CHI it wouldn't be that much different an experience than what I did all the way to California this past summer. Of course it would be inferior service but it would still be service. It would not be competitive to the CL or LSL in terms of ridership or revenue but if Amtrak is willing to make a go at it, it can't be too much more expensive than the Palmetto. If Amtrak decides to do CL-Pennsylvanian, you could ride coach from PHL (or HAR/LNC) to PGH and then a sleeper from PGH to CHI when it would be of most use (overnight).
I'm guessing Amtrak wants to have a full sleeper from PHL to CHI before starting it. We know they were burned by the PHL-CHI Pennsylvanian and maybe they weren't happy with the TR's numbers when they decided to cancel it (maybe they were low due to the lack of dining car service). If Amtrak did a CL-Pennsylvanian and only had sleeper service west of PGH, I would be thrilled. If they ran coaches and cafe from PHL to CHI, I would be thrilled. Passengers who want regular Amtrak service could still do connections. But as everyone knows, the direct service is the big thing I am thinking about. If Amtrak did in 2016-17 what they did in 1996-97 and build up to the Viewliner 2's, I will do cartwheels. Would I like a sleeper eventually and maybe a diner car breakfast now and then? Sure. But baby steps. I'd believe Amtrak is more serious about CHI-PHL if they gradually phased it in rather than wait for the Viewliner 2's like they did in the 90's.