Watch out, scuse me, expert coming through, well I'm sort of an expert. The Genesis series locomotives have a built in Alerter that comes on every 30-45 seconds. The countdown starts at 25 seconds, and is silent for the first five. Then it sounds an audible alarm designed to wake the engineer up if he is asleep. The alarm grows progressivle louder until it reaches 0 and the train goes into emergency. As for other road locomotives it varies by manufacturer and the type of control system used. The Amtrak DASH 8's have an EMD style display, so their alerter just starts as the audible alarm, and waits to be turned off. As Alan said other factors can be used to determine how often the the alerter goes off, horn and bell movement, use of airbrakes, dynamic brakes, throttle use, switching screens on the computer, etc. This is why when an engineer slows down for a station stop (which can sometimes take a minute or two depending on the engineer and speed) the Alerter does not go off because he is constantly using airbrakes, reducing throttle speed, and so on