If you were traveling from Vancouver BC to Toronto on 1/8/10, the "Economy Discounted" fare would be Fare: $497.00, with a total, including the G.S.T./H.S.T. of $24.85, of $521.85 (US$505.42).
A "Reserved Coach" ticket from Seattle to Chicago would run from $236.00 on $334.00 on The Builder, and $358.00 via The Coast Starlight and The California Zephyr. The cheapest ticket would be a bit of a "Robin Hood's barn" ride, including a trip from Seattle to Portland on the Cascades, then going east on the Portland section of the Builder. You could also save $34.00 buying a ticket from Seattle to Spokane on #8, then taking #28 from Spokane to Chicago.
If you wanted to take a sleeping car, an "Upper Berth - Discounted" on The Canadian would set you back $834.00 + G.S.T./H.S.T. of $41.70, for a total of $875.70 (US$847.77).
Traveling from Seattle to Chicago on the same day in a "Superliner Roomette" (which I'm taking to be the closest equivalent to the "Upper Berth" on the VIA Rail service) would add $311.00 to the $334.00 Seattle-Chicago direct fare, or $262.00 + $184.00 ($446.00) to the trip via Sacramento on the Starlight and Zephyr. (The other "Superliner Roomette" options, e.g., via Portland, are sold out.)
I understand The Canadian sleeping car room includes meals.
Perhaps these comments might clarify and/or add to the discussion:
1) The Canadian is a much longer route - about 27% longer. Per the timetables on both websites, EB mileage is 2205, Canadian mileage is 4466km = 2791 miles. In terms of time - again per the timetables - EB is 46 hours, Canadian is 80-3/4 hours or 75% longer.
2) The Upper and Lower berths on The Canadian are equivalent to the old Pullman all-berth cars with nothing but curtains, except there are only a few in each Canadian car. A more apt equivalent to the Superliner Roomette would be the Cabin for One. (But nicer - check out the 360-degree views on the VIA website.) The standard fare for "Cabin for One discounted" is CDN$1320 or about US$1250 @ 4%. (There is no bucket pricing on The Canadian.)
3) Not only do you get meals with sleeper accomodation on The Canadian, you get truly first class service, as attested by a recently posted trip report on this forum. And you get more meals - 4 breakfasts, 3 lunches, and 3 dinners plus snacks and, I believe, wines.
4) In terms of accomodation - assuming you're on vacation and would be staying in a hotel otherwise, you have twice as many nights (4) on the Canadian as on the EB (2).
5) All in all, you're paying US$315 per night for 27% more miles on The Canadian vs. $321 per night on the EB (($311+$334)/2). Using the cheapest coach fare quoted above ($236), the nightly fare is US$274 vs. US$315 for The Canadian.
So, if origin and destination ports are not an issue, and taking quality of service into account, which train would you rather take? I guess I'm saying, Which train is the better value?